Communications protocol

In telecommunications, a communications protocol is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity. These are the rules or standard that defines the syntax, semantics and synchronization of communication and possible error recovery methods. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both.

Communicating systems use well-defined formats (protocol) for exchanging messages. Each message has an exact meaning intended to elicit a response from a range of possible responses pre-determined for that particular situation. The specified behavior is typically independent of how it is to be implemented. Communications protocols have to be agreed upon by the parties involved. To reach agreement, a protocol may be developed into a technical standard. A programming language describes the same for computations, so there is a close analogy between protocols and programming languages: protocols are to communications as programming languages are to computations.

Medical protocol

Medical protocol can refer to:

Cryptographic protocol

A security protocol (cryptographic protocol or encryption protocol) is an abstract or concrete protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods, often as sequences of cryptographic primitives. A protocol describes how the algorithms should be used. A sufficiently detailed protocol includes details about data structures and representations, at which point it can be used to implement multiple, interoperable versions of a program.

Cryptographic protocols are widely used for secure application-level data transport. A cryptographic protocol usually incorporates at least some of these aspects:

For example, Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that is used to secure web (HTTP/HTTPS) connections. It has an entity authentication mechanism, based on the X.509 system; a key setup phase, where a symmetric encryption key is formed by employing public-key cryptography; and an application-level data transport function. These three aspects have important interconnections. Standard TLS does not have non-repudiation support.

Trust (Revenge)

"Trust" is the second episode of the American television series Revenge. It premiered on ABC on September 28, 2011.

The episode was co-written by Mike Kelley and Joe Fazzio and directed by Phillip Noyce.

Plot

Another part of Emily's (Emily VanCamp) plan is set in motion when she goes on her first date with Daniel (Josh Bowman). Also, Victoria's (Madeleine Stowe) suspicions about Emily grow, so she tries to find more information on her new neighbor.

Trust (business)

A trust or corporate trust is an American English term for a large business with significant market power. It is often used in a historical sense to refer to monopolies or near-monopolies in the United States during the Second Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and early 20th century.

History

Originally, the corporate trust was a legal device used to consolidate power in large American corporate enterprises. In January 1882, Samuel C. T. Dodd, Standard Oil’s General Solicitor, conceived of the corporate trust to help John D. Rockefeller consolidate his control over the many acquisitions of Standard Oil, which was already the largest corporation in the world. The Standard Oil Trust was formed pursuant to a "trust agreement" in which the individual shareholders of many separate corporations agreed to convey their shares to the trust; it ended up entirely owning 14 corporations and also exercised majority control over 26 others. Nine individuals held trust certificates and acted as the trust's board of trustees. Of course, one of those trustees was Rockefeller himself, who held 41% of the trust certificates; the next most powerful trustee only held about 12%. This kind of arrangement became popular and soon had many imitators.

Stargate Program

The Stargate Program is a fictional special access program that plays a key role in the Stargate franchise: it surrounds the operations of the Stargate on Earth. The core of the Stargate Program is Stargate Command (SGC), based at the Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station near Colorado Springs, Colorado. During the run of Stargate SG-1, the NID is most critical of the Stargate Program, while the program is extended through the establishment of the Office of Homeworld Security/Homeworld Command and the International Oversight Advisory (IOA). The Atlantis Project as seen in Stargate Atlantis is part of the Stargate Program but works independently during season 1 of the show.

Despite alien attacks such as in "Lost City" and "Ex Deus Machina", all attempts are made throughout the series to keep the existence of the Stargate Program secret, assuming there would be mass panic if the public found out. Several alternate-universe episodes address the public reaction to the revelation of the Stargate Program. Nevertheless, some conspiracy theorists in the series assume extraterrestrial activity at the highest levels of the military. A very few select civilians such as Pete Shanahan and Jeannie Miller are also aware of the existence of the Program.